FLUID MECHANICS & THERMODYNAMICS

Description

First year common module in thermo-fluids for MES + Chemical Engineering students. FLUID MECHANICS: The basic concepts underlying fluid flows and behaviour are described together with simple fluid properties. The calculation of static fluid forces is the starting point before moving to dynamic fluid effects including mass-flow and energy conservation. Non-dimensional analysis methods, laminar and turbulent flows and pipe system analysis are considered, including fluid friction, momentum and energy losses in fittings. THERMODYNAMICS: Following an introduction on energy consumption, generation and supply from conventional and alternative sources the basic principles of heat and work transfer are described and system thermal efficiency. Thermal properties of working fluids (both liquids and gases) are described. The 1st law of thermodynamics is introduced with applications to processes and cycles for closed and steady-flow systems. Indicative content includes: Fluid Mechanics Fluid properties (density, viscosity, surface tension) Hydrostatics (forces on surfaces, submerged bodies, valves, gates etc.) Buoyancy (stability of submerged and floating bodies) Fluid kinematics (streamlines and continuity) Fluid dynamics (Bernoulli’s equation, flow through orifices, Venturi meter) Momentum equation (impacting jets, forces on pipe bend) Introduction to viscous laminar & turbulent flow (Re, laminar flow, Poiseuille flow in a pipe, description of turbulent flow characteristics) [10hrs] Turbulent flow Film model and 1/7th power law for time averaged flow in pipes Friction factors and pressure gradients in pipes (effect of roughness; Moody chart) Hydrodynamic resistance of sudden expansions, valves, bends etc. Introduction to boundary layers on a flat plate, including variation of shear stress with distance from leading edge. Pumps Types of pumps Head/flow rate characteristics (esp. centrifugal pumps) Pumps in series and parallel (includes mention of NPSH) Simple Pump and pipe-work calculations Dimensional analysis (Buckingham’s Pi theorem) Scale models [12hrs] Thermodynamics Introduction to thermodynamics – work & heat transfer Energy consumption, generation, alternative sources and system efficiency First law – for closed systems, internal energy. Applications. Steady flow energy equation, enthalpy. Applications to power plant (pV diagrams) Fluid properties, liquids & gases, Cp and Cv [11hrs] • an introduction to fluid mechanics and thermodynamics and in particular internal flow behaviour and the principles and methodologies applied to fluid statics, dynamics and 1st law thermodynamics • an understanding of the principles of energy generation, conservation, conversion and alternative energy sources Attributes Developed 001 Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of scientific principles and methodology relating to fluid statics, dynamics and the 1st law of thermodynamics K 002 Apply mathematical and scientific models to problems in basic thermo-fluids and appreciate the assumptions and limitations inherent in their application C 003 Describe the performance and characteristics of thermo-fluid systems and processes K 004 Undertake a brief research topic and evaluate of a simple thermodynamic system to estimate its energy efficiency KCPT